Abstract:
Kidney dysfunction in children is an emerging yet underrecognized public health
concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the
prevalence of kidney dysfunction among pre-elementary pupils at Bauang North Central
School, La Union, using urinalysis, body mass index (BMI), and survey data assessing
lifestyle, family history, and medical background. An analytical cross-sectional design was
employed, including a total of 47 students. Physical, chemical, and microscopic urine
examinations revealed a prevalence rate of 34.04% for early kidney dysfunction, with
81.25% of these cases being asymptomatic. Urinalysis findings included proteinuria,
elevated albumin-creatinine ratios, and presence of urinary elements such as casts and
crystals, suggestive of early renal impairment. Lifestyle factors, particularly excessive gadget
use and intake of processed foods and sugary drinks, emerged as notable contributors, while
family history had limited influence in this population. Statistical analysis revealed no
significant correlation between BMI, lifestyle, or family history and kidney status, although
medical history, particularly the use of medications without professional guidance, showed
potential impact. The findings emphasize the critical need for early detection, public health
education, and preventative efforts in schools to reduce the burden of undetected pediatric
kidney dysfunction and its progression to chronic disease.
