Anti-Hyperuricemic Potential of Kalunay (Amaranthus spinosus Linn) Extract on Potassium-Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia in Albino Mice and Characterization of the Formulated Syrup

Abstract

Hyperuricemia, a condition characterized by elevated uric acid levels, presents a growing global health concern, particularly among older adults and specific ethnic groups, including Filipinos. Conventional treatments often have significant adverse effects, prompting a search for alternative therapies, particularly from traditional medicinal plants. Kalunay (Amaranthus spinosus Linn) is a Philippine herb traditionally used for various ailments and contains bioactive compounds like flavonoids and glycosides, suggesting potential anti-hyperuricemic properties. This study scientifically examined the anti-hyperuricemic potential and safety of Kalunay syrup. The research involved phytochemical screening of the plant extract, acute oral toxicity and in vivo evaluation of its anti-hyperuricemic effects in BALB/c mice, and formulation and evaluation of the resulting syrup. Acute oral toxicity testing established a significant toxicity at 2000 mg/kg, classifying it under GHS Category 4 and suggesting an estimated LD50 below 500 mg/kg. In vivo evaluation on BALB/c mice revealed that Kalunay extract at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg effectively reduced serum uric acid levels in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice, with 100 mg/kg identified as the minimum effective dose. The formulated Kalunay syrup presented a specific gravity (1.214) within typical ranges for sugar-based syrups, a slightly varied pH (pH 6.25 and pH 6) depending on the measurement method but generally acceptable, a pleasant herbal odor consistent with the plant’s profile, and some suspended microparticles common in herbal formulations. These findings suggest that Kalunay has significant anti-hyperuricemic potential, warranting further research for safe and effective herbal remedies for hyperuricemia-related disorders like gout.