Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Caregivers Toward Spacer Device Use in Pediatric Asthma Management in San Fernando City, La Union

Abstract

This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of caregivers toward spacer device use in pediatric asthma management in San Fernando City, La Union. The research targeted caregivers of children aged 1 to 12 years who had been prescribed metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), using total enumeration across all public primary schools in the city. A total of 125 caregivers of the 254 identified pediatric MDI users were reported to be spacer users and were included as respondents. Data were collected through a structured, close-ended questionnaire administered in schools and through home visits when caregivers were not present. The study employed a descriptive-correlational quantitative design to assess caregivers’ KAP levels and determine differences and relationships concerning their demographic characteristics. Findings revealed that most caregivers were female, middle-aged, and belonged to the low income but not poor group. Overall, the caregivers demonstrated adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices regarding spacer use. Significant differences in KAP were observed according to educational attainment (p < .001) and monthly income (p < .05), indicating that higher education and better financial capacity enhanced proper spacer use. Strong positive correlations were also found between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.885, p < .001) and between knowledge and practice (r = 0.878, p < .001), demonstrating the interconnected nature of these domains. These results underscore the need for continuous caregiver education and support. Based on the findings, strategies such as infomercial dissemination, educational seminars, and brochure distribution were proposed to improve caregiver understanding and consistent use of spacers in pediatric asthma management.